Purchasing A Used Forklift
The following article is a follow-up from Part 1 of this series. Refer back to Part 1 for details on what factors you should consider when buying a used forklift. Also, whether you should consider an alternative such as a new forklift or a rental agreement. Once you have decided to buy a used forklift, you have two major considerations – the reputation of the seller and the condition of the forklift.
The Seller Should Be Reputable
Buying from a reputable source will minimise your risks considerably. You need to ensure that the vendor provides full and honest disclosures about the history of the forklift and will support you after the transaction if the details are misrepresented. A well-established dealer or supplier will often provide a warranty and post-sale service, which can be crucial in avoiding unexpected issues.
Research the Seller
It is advisable to research the seller thoroughly before making a purchase. Look for customer reviews, testimonials, and online ratings to gauge their reliability. Speak with past buyers, if possible, to understand their experience with the vendor. A credible seller should be able to provide detailed documentation on the forklift’s history, including previous ownership, maintenance records, and any repairs that have been conducted. If the seller hesitates to provide this information, consider it a red flag. Buying from a dealer who specialises in forklifts often means better after-sales support, access to spare forklift parts, and expert advice on maintaining the equipment. Additionally, some sellers offer certified pre-owned forklifts that have been thoroughly inspected and refurbished, which can be a safer option.
What Is the Condition of the Used Forklift?
When assessing the condition of the forklift, you must consider how it will fit within your existing fleet, its intended application, and how demanding the workload will be. A forklift used lightly in a warehouse setting will likely have less wear and tear than one used intensively at a construction site. Conducting a thorough evaluation of the forklift will help ensure that it meets your operational needs and does not become a liability. The best way to secure a good buy is to carry out extensive due diligence before finalising the purchase. Examining the condition of a used forklift involves checking its structural integrity, mechanical performance, and safety features. Take the time to inspect the forklift carefully and, if necessary, bring along an experienced technician who can identify potential issues that may not be immediately visible.
Brand
The brand of the forklift matters significantly when purchasing a used unit. Choosing a well-known and well-supported brand can reduce the risk of future problems, as reputable brands typically have a strong track record of reliability, readily available spare parts, and established service networks. A forklift from a lesser-known or discontinued brand might come with the challenge of finding replacement forklift parts or qualified technicians to service it. Well-established brands also tend to retain their value better, making resale easier should you need to upgrade in the future. Investigate the manufacturer’s reputation, longevity in the market, and user feedback on specific models to determine if the brand aligns with your requirements.
Paperwork and Identity
Before purchasing, verify that the forklift comes with all the necessary documentation. This includes a genuine CE mark (if applicable), a clear identity plate with capacity ratings, a detailed service history, and an operator’s manual. Proper documentation helps establish the legitimacy and maintenance history of the forklift. It is also important to check that all warning indicators are functioning properly. Any inconsistencies or missing documents could indicate potential issues with the legality, maintenance, or safety of the forklift. Ensuring that all necessary paperwork is in order can help you avoid legal and compliance issues down the line.
Hour Meter Check
The hour meter is an essential indicator of a forklift’s usage. Ensure that the total hours displayed are accurate and that the forklift has not been overworked. A forklift with excessive usage may be prone to frequent breakdowns and costly repairs. As a general rule, 1,000 hours per year is equivalent to approximately 50,000 kilometres on a car. If a forklift has averaged significantly more than 1,000 hours annually, it may pose a higher risk of mechanical issues. Compare the hour meter readings with the service records to check for inconsistencies, as tampering with hour meters is not uncommon in the used equipment market. A forklift that has been used intensively in a high-demand environment without proper maintenance may develop expensive issues down the line.
Perform a Test Run
A test run is crucial to assessing the forklift’s operational capabilities. Take the time to start the forklift from cold and observe how the engine turns over, especially for internal combustion (IC) forklifts. Look for any unusual smoke emissions, as this could indicate engine wear or underlying issues. Drive the forklift to ensure it runs smoothly, checking acceleration, braking, turning radius, and overall handling. Test it on a ramp in both forward and reverse to assess its power and stability. If purchasing online, request a video demonstration or have a representative conduct a test drive on your behalf. Any signs of difficulty in operation should be investigated further before finalising the purchase.
Leak Test
Running the engine for at least 10 minutes and operating all hydraulic functions can help identify potential fluid leaks. After turning off the engine, check the ground beneath the forklift for oil, coolant, or hydraulic fluid leaks. Any visible leaks could indicate mechanical issues that may require costly repairs. Pay close attention to areas around hoses, seals, and connections, as leaks in these areas can lead to performance issues and increased maintenance costs over time.
Mast Operation
The mast is a critical component of a forklift, as it is responsible for lifting and lowering loads. It is essential to check for smooth mast movement both with and without load. Examine the mast for excessive play in the channels, as well as between the mast and the carriage. If the mast creeps down or forward when under load, it could indicate hydraulic issues that need to be addressed. Having an experienced forklift technician inspect the mast and chains can help ensure that they are in good condition and capable of handling loads safely.
Forks
The forks must be in excellent condition to ensure safe lifting operations. Inspect the thickness of the forks at the heel and ensure they meet supplier specifications. Check for any cracks, warping, or damage that could compromise their integrity. A loose fit may indicate worn carriage or hanger points, which can affect stability when lifting heavy loads. Replacing damaged forks can be expensive, so it is best to ensure they are in good condition before purchasing.
Tyres
Tyres play a crucial role in the stability and safety of a forklift. Inspect the tyres for signs of excessive wear, uneven tread, or damage. Uneven wear may indicate axle misalignment, which can affect handling and performance. Ensure that the forklift is fitted with the correct type of tyres for its intended application, as improper tyres can compromise safety and efficiency. Replacing tyres can be costly, so it is important to assess their condition before finalising the purchase.
Battery
For electric forklifts, the battery is one of the most expensive components. The battery in a new electric forklift can account for 25–30% of the total cost, and it may be even higher for a used unit. Check the battery’s age, number of charge cycles, and overall condition. Ensure that the terminals and cables are in good shape and that electrolyte levels are within the recommended range. If the battery requires replacement, this should be factored into the total cost of ownership.
Warranty
Many used forklifts are sold without a warranty, but it is advisable to request one if possible. Understand the warranty terms, including duration, coverage, and any exclusions. A warranty can provide added protection against unforeseen issues and give you peace of mind.
Summary
Thorough evaluation is necessary when buying a used forklift. Engaging with Centra Forklifts, conducting a detailed inspection, and understanding the forklift’s history can help protect your investment. Taking the time to perform these checks will ensure that you acquire a forklift that meets your operational needs while minimising future risks. Enquire with us now! If you’re wanting to fill in our Buy-Back enquiry form, click here for more.